Gauge

Gauge is how many stitches and rows (or rounds) fit into a given measurement. Patterns give it like "20 sts × 28 rows = 4 in (10 cm)". If your gauge doesn't match, your finished object won't be the size the pattern promises.

Swatch first

A swatch is a small test piece, usually 5–6 inches square, worked in the pattern's main stitch with the yarn and needle or hook you plan to use. Wash and block it the same way you'll block the finished object, then measure in the centre (edges pull in).

Too tight vs too loose

• Getting more stitches per inch than the pattern: your gauge is tighter. Go up a needle or hook size.
• Getting fewer stitches per inch: your gauge is looser. Go down a needle or hook size.
• Row gauge is off, stitch gauge is right: usually fine — most patterns care more about stitch gauge.

When gauge really matters

Sweaters, socks, hats, and anything that needs to fit a body. You can usually skip the swatch for scarves, washcloths, and blankets where a little size variance doesn't matter. Amigurumi and stuffed animals need tight gauge to hide stuffing — size matters less than consistency.

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